Monday, August 24, 2020
George Wells :: essays research papers
Amanda Sullivan à à à à à Herbert George Wells was conceived in 1866, in Bromley Kent. He was naturally introduced to a poor family. His profession as a creator was cultivated by a heartbreaking mishap as a youngster. He broke both of his legs and spent the obligatory rest time frame perusing each book he could discover. Wells was granted a school grant and encouraged his instruction at the ordinary school of science in London (finding creators). It was at the typical school that Wells went under the wing of the renowned researcher Thomas H Huxley. Wells was obviously impacted by his examinations at the typical school and his enthusiasm for Biology (geocities.com). Subsequent to graduating Wells composed a science test book and started submitting fiction to different magazines. Wellsââ¬â¢s basic and mainstream notoriety lays principally on his initial work of sci-fi. à à à à à H G Wells picked up acclaim with his first significant work The Time Machine in 1895. Not long after the distribution of this book, Wells followed with The Island of Dr.Moreau in 1985, The undetectable man in 1897, and maybe his most acclaimed work The war of the universes in 1898.(Science fiction stories) . These works were hugely mainstream at the time they showed up, the majority of them are recognized works of art of the class witch kept on being generally perused and adjusted into different media (storm explore). Wellsââ¬â¢s sci-fi is additionally noted for its sophisticated,satire of the authorââ¬â¢s own way of life and times (geocitites.com). Throughout the years Wells got worried about the destiny of human culture in reality as we know it where innovation and logical examination were progressing at a fast pace. For a while he was an individual from the Fabian Society, which was a gathering of social scholars in London (geocities.com). Wellsââ¬â¢s later works turned out to be less sci-fi and progressively social evaluate. The precision of the science in His works has regularly been raised doubt about. It is supposed that Wells and the French writer Jules Verne really reprimanded each otherââ¬â¢s works. Wells accepted that ââ¬Å"Verne couldnââ¬â¢t compose his was out of a paper sackâ⬠, and Verne blamed Wells for having ââ¬Å"Scientifically farfetched ideasâ⬠(geocities.com). The science may not be exact, yet the experience and reasoning in his book makes Wellsââ¬â¢s early sci-fi fun and entrancing to peruse. Wells is most popular as one of the ancestors of present day sci-fi. His spearheading works in this class anticipated such improvement as compound fighting, nuclear weapons, and universal wars (geocities.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Just War Theory an Example of the Topic History Essays by
Simply War Theory For if a gathering characterized by the opportunity of birth is mistreated, it is just as its individuals had not been naturally introduced to humankind at all Richard Vernon Need article test on Simply War Theory point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue The general postulation of the article, What is Crime against Humanity, is essentially investigating the ideas of the wrongdoings against humankind that are joined into universal law. The article raises addresses relevant in the thought of deciding or isolating what might be viewed as a Just War versus that of an Unjust War. Individuals Very Often Tell EssayLab authorities: What amount do I need to pay somebody to compose my task on the web? Proficient journalists exhort: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic Success It would be ideal if you Help Me Write An Essay College Papers Online Pay People To Write Papers Essay Writing Services In building up the contentions utilized in this article, Vernon acquires models from St. Augustine, the size of unsoundness as it applies to privateers adrift, alongside various content references on the Just versus Unjust War banter. The creator clarifies the ethical contrasts of partition of foes of a race or ethnicity, versus the division of adversaries of mankind or humankind. The writer considers an assortment of moral hypothetical contemplations and standards of the Just War banter in his composition. Vernon composes in regards to the moral defense of war while dismembering a few supports with respect to their individual qualities and shortcomings. The creator talks about the idea of how much if any intention would should be associated with setting the accuracy of the Just War follow up on the correct side of being simply (Vernon, 2002, p.245). Periodically all through the article I feel more inquiries are taken care of to the peruser while here and there convoluting the learning procedure of this previously confounded subject. For instance, while introducing the articulation unspeakable atrocity, the creator raises that the triteness of such an articulation as violations against humankind could too depict kid misuse, or the barbarous treatment of creatures, or insensitive decreases of government assistance installments to the constantly poor (Vernon, 2002, p.237). Later while giving data with respect to measuring abhorrent, the creator starts talking about correlations: In what manner would it be advisable for us to embarked to analyze the malice done by the Holocaust, by African subjugation, and by the (close ) killing of aboriginals in North America? On the off chance that we utilize a body check, at that point African bondage slaughtered a larger number of individuals than the other two. In the event that we are taking a gander at the extent of the objective gathering slaughtered, at that point the native case is the most exceedingly awful. In the event that we are taking a gander at paces of killing every day, one may interpose, the Rwanda annihilation outmaneuvers each of the three. On the off chance that we were taking a gander at how much casualties were constrained to team up in their own annihilation (Vernon, 2002, p.238). I trust Vernon frequently intentionally suggests more conversation starters than answers in this article. I realize this can be utilized to propel perusers to instruct themselves while framing their individual suppositions on a specific subject. In any case, I need to state that at the current non-master level of information I have of this specific subject, I would frequently see this as more confounding than supportive. Incidentally, the above was presumably just a single portion of the section of inquiries the creator remembered for simply this one territory. The creator included an assortment of moral hypothetical translations while periodically including his own understandings alongside these. For instance, Vernon examined St. Augustines convictions with respect to horrendous state acts while relating a portion of the data to Roman political life. Vernon separated and examined the different classes of helpful violations. By and large, somehow, I feel the creator gave observational proof that can relate to the simply war banter. Through getting instances of others points of view, perceptions and encounters, the territory of experimental proof was truly secured. The extraordinary greater part of the proof was obtained from writings regarding this matter. For instance, Vernon frequently cited from The Contract of Mutual Indifference, a book composed by Norman Geras (Vernon, 2002, p.244). The work endeavors to introduce a comprehension of monstrosities as they identify with universal and national approaches and legislative issues. One of the contemplations the creator ponders is the means by which neither state obligation nor network duty give satisfactory security to its kin. One statement he remembered for respects to WWII was that People went to their demises at Auschwitz or Treblinka, despite that there were some other people who thought about them (Vernon, 2002, p.244). The creator acquires what may be viewed as the bigger parts alongside the more subtle proof in talking about the Just-war banter. Vernon addresses the mankind as-casualty proposition which was presented at Nuremberg by the French arraigning lawyer. In talking about this, the creator raises the distinction of the impropriety of killing certain races alongside the diverse unethical behavior of declining to impart the earth to a specific people. (I will in general consider them to be likely the equivalent). Here again there were questions that one may leave more astounded than enlightened. The inquiry was posed, Why might humankind be without importance without decent variety? (Vernon, 2002, p.240). I feel the writer reaffirms the intricacy of the subject, helping the peruser to comprehend why there are such huge numbers of mistaken assumptions and contrasts in conclusions in the region of violations against mankind and the discussion of Just War. Vernon was fruitful in concentrating on numerous significant subjects in the Just War banter. Truth be told, some of the time I felt the subjects went everywhere and could have been progressively engaged. One of the shortcomings of the article as I would see it is that the writer is endeavoring to dissect a mind boggling issue, and as I would like to think, Vernon makes the issue much more perplexing as opposed to unwinding or comprehending anything through his 18 page investigation. The article was written in an exceptionally scholarly style. This isnt essentially a negative all by itself however it can restrain ones potential crowd of this subject who are in their previous phases of learning the subject than he is in talking about it. I saw the qualities of the article as when the writer would get data from outside sources. For instance, since I have some close to home interests in genuine privateers, I found the piece of the article intriguing when he talked about robbery points of reference and how privateers ought not go unpunished just in light of the fact that they worked adrift (Vernon, 2002, p.235). The material is persuading as I would like to think for the most part because of the outside assets Vernon utilized in tying up the master plan of the Just-war subject. Another asset is utilized each time he raises an alternate part of Just and Uncalled for War in this way giving the peruser strengthened clarifications to the subject. In any case, I do feel that the creator conceivably attempted to cover too wide a wingspan of data here. I know as a peruser I could see this data being isolated and spoken to in even as not many as three complete readings or much more by concentrating on each point in turn introduced in this perusing. At long last, subsequent to having perused the entirety of the data in the article, What is Crime against Humanity, I feel that the extraordinary division or ironic expression discovered intrinsically inside endeavoring to of join sympathy with that of war have in themselves made a disarray that neither rationale nor conversation can unwind effectively if by any means. With respect to this specific piece regarding the matter, I genuinely need to state generally it left me increasingly bewildered regarding the matter. References Vernon, R. (2002). What is Crime against Humanity. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10:3, 231-249
Tuesday, July 21, 2020
Ode to Enthusiasm
Ode to Enthusiasm This will come as no shock to the people who know me people who have seen me dance for joy over a roast dinner, people who have watched me literally vibrate with excitement over the release of an anticipated book or movie or nail polish colour, people who have witnessed me genuinely squealing at the discovery of a new word to play with but I am an enthusiastic person. You know how Muppets flail their arms in excitement? I have done that over a carton of chocolate milk. (It was seriously the best chocolate milk Id ever had. Organic, made with cocoa. Youd die.) Life is fucking rad, guys. Like it really, really is. I used to be a too-cool-for-school cynic, but life was so boring. Because you can always find the mediocre and make fun of it. Finding the really great is a lot more challenging, and telling people about it is a lot more fun. Never before has it occurred to me that my enthusiasm suggested a lack of capacity for critical thought. But yesterday, fellow Rioter Jodi wrote a piece about what she perceived as misplaced enthusiasm that rubbed me all kinds of the wrong way. So heres my enthusiastic, slightly crotchety response. I think Jodi misses two things: 1. Just because I only talk about things I am enthusiastic about does not mean I am enthusiastic about all things. 2. Sometimes it just feels like life is too short to spend my downtime thinking about things that dont delight me. I shall address these points enthusiastically in turn. First, I really like talking about things that have moved me, stunned me, amazed me, made me leap for joy. Not everything does. I dont blog about every book I read. I blog about the books I cant not talk about. The books that make me want you to have the same experience I did. The books that turn my world upside down. The books that make me laugh. I dont blog about forgettable books because that seems like a fantastic waste of my time. You know, theres a lot of stuff on the internet. There are a lot of very ranty book blogs out there. Book blogs that focus on the negative. Book blogs that make me think, No, but seriously, do you even like books? And I dont seek those blogs out to read very often. Im much more interested in being pointed, and in turn pointing you, in the direction of good stuff. (Like right now, Im reading Ed Riches EASY TO LIKE, and its a really charming read a funny cultural satire I would recommend to lovers of wine and cinema and the CBC. I could tell you about the book I read on the plane that kind of bored me silly, but I dont want to spend energy on that book. Its not fun to me.) Which leads me to point two: blogging is a thing I do for fun. I loves ya, Book Riot, but you dont pay the bills, so I better enjoy the time I spend with you. And I do, because I choose to talk about things that delight me. In my day job, I write literary criticism and read undergraduate essays. Trust me, I get umpteen chances every day to think critically and reconstruct the literary world for the better (ha!). In my downtime, I want to read and discuss awesome things. Because heres the reality: telling you about a book that made me happy, and finding out it made you happy? That makes me happy all over again. And thats amazing. Amazing. I could tell you about all the books I read with problematic plot structure and bland description, but Id rather just not talk about those books at all. I want to focus on the good. I read freshman composition papers for a living. For gods sake, leave me a moment in the day to focus on the good. So if this is the way you read enthusiasm The only thing more annoying than people who hate everything are people that love everything. As a reader, hearing how much someone loves every book they read tells me nothing about the book. It does tell me a lot about the enthusiast. It tells me they canât think critically, are afraid to offer up a real opinion, or they donât know how to form a cogent argument about a book. you may want to do some critical thinking about it.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Compare And Contrast Rome And Han Empire - 1342 Words
Over the last three centuries, Rome and the Han Dynasty were successful in their expansion throughout their respected parts of the world. Although both ran a very similar government, both successful civilizations did so using different methods. The Han would govern using imperial rule in addition to the Analects of Confucianism to run their political ideology. The Han Dynasty would eventually even change the text of the Analects per how they ruled through the original tablets. The Roman Empire would also use their religion of the Imperial Cult, worshipping past emperors and their families. Using several legislative branches and a senate, Rome would move on to become one of the most powerful civilizations in the world at the time. Althoughâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦To not completely disintegrate smaller Chinese culture, territorial rule and expansion was limited to just beyond the homeland, and since the peasant population was so abundant, the Han dynasty did not see slavery as a necessary part of the labor force, and never sought to regulate it. Rome built on aristocratic landlords expanding out from city-states. Rome relied on slavery for their economic base in which a third of the population were slaves. Rome invented concrete and engineered things like aqueducts that brought water to parts of the city. Mechanisms for political integration in the roman empire were based on bureaucracy that was less complex than the Han dynasty and relied on local elites and middle class to control provinces that were less centralized. There was a greater emphasis on law codes and a common legal system. Monuments and triumphal processions played up the glory, stability, and civilization of the empire and its rulers which was considered an idealistic ideology. Rome also had a cult organized by deceased emperors from the past. They would use colonies to foster unity and integration throughout its empire by the means of colonies that were considered military outposts that were not intended for the use of population integration. Latin was encou raged to be learned throughout Rome, but it never took over the Greek language in the East since postShow MoreRelatedAlexander, Han Dynasty, Roman Empire, Hinduism, Islam1179 Words à |à 5 Pagesand those of his successors, bring together various worlds? Zoom -middle-east to goods of Mediterranean, money based economy, and greek ideas -plunder made economic expansion in med. -Selecus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Lysimachus, and others divided empire -syria(selucids), Macedonia(Antigonids), Egypt(Ptolemies) -fierce competition through international relations à à à Hide Insert Card 2 Zoom à à Describe the influence of Hellenism on societies outside Greek homeland during this time periodRead MoreDifferences Of The Han Dynasty And The Roman Empire1036 Words à |à 5 Pagesbecause of their locations. In this essay I will compare and contrast the civilizations of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire. These empires are in many was similar to each other being they both rose to power around the same time in history. In roughly 202 B.C Liu Bang wins post-Qin civil wars, and becomes first emperor of Han dynasty. The Han Dynasty rose last from 202 B.C to 220 C.E, it is the second longest ruling dynasty. The government of the Han Dynasty was a monarchy ruled by a singular rulerRead MoreRoman Empire Vs. Han Dynasty939 Words à |à 4 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Roman Empire vs. Han Dynasty Bethany Corl HIEU 201-B11 September 29, 2014 Compare and Contrast Essay The Roman and Han empires flourished in culture, wealth, and technological advances at their pinnacle, leading not to future stability, but to greed, corruption, and ultimately their downfall. The Roman and Han empires were different with respect to how each came to gaining their power. However, each held several similarities within their governmentsRead MoreComparative Look At The Roman Empire And Han Dynasty Economies Essay1409 Words à |à 6 Pages A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND HAN DYNASTY ECONOMIES Scott Hosier History 111: World Civilization Before 1650 December 27, 2016 Ã¢â¬Æ' The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty had simple economies--when compared to current global economies--founded on agriculture, mining, trade, and taxation. Although those economies were straightforward it allowed civilizations to grow and eventually collapse. However, the two civilizations had drastically different methodologies on the exchange ofRead MoreThe Three Major Empires Essay examples1016 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Three Major Empires The first empires began in Mesopotamia, the Nile valley, and the Yellow River valley. Empires often are not created. In some cases empires are formed then a transition from one ruler to another over the same region is made. For example the Persian Empire came from the conquering and incorporation of the Egyptian, Medes, Babylonian, and Lydian kingdoms that made up western Asia. Then the Persians were defeated by the Greeks under Alexander the Great, taking western AsiaRead MoreAdvancements in the Roman Empire Compared to that of the Han Dynasty2165 Words à |à 9 Pagesfrequently than waves in an ocean; however, most of them are forgotten to this day because of their insignificant impact. The Roman and Chinese Empires were established like any other civilization, but rose to power through proper governing of the people. They later became so successful that they emulated one another in different fields of culture. The Han Dynasty was one of many dynasties in ancient China and it was able to change the outlook on society because of its radical and novel ideology basedRead MoreHistory Essay3334 Words à |à 14 Pagesdifferences in methods of political control in TWO of the following empires in the Classical period. â⬠¢ Han China (206 B.C.E.ââ¬â220 C.E.) â⬠¢ Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.ââ¬â550 C.E.) â⬠¢ Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.ââ¬â476 C.E.) Revised Question Analyze similarities and differences in techniques of imperial administration in TWO of the following empires. â⬠¢ Han China (206 B.C.E.ââ¬â220 C.E.) â⬠¢ Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.ââ¬â550 C.E.) â⬠¢ Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.ââ¬â476 C.E.) Rationale for Revision: By changing theRead MoreReligion And History Of Religion2764 Words à |à 12 Pagesessay will explore the history of religion beginning with Buddhism (500BCE-now), then examining Rome and Christianity (30ce-now), and ending with the Protestant Reformation (1450-1565). Each topic will be discussed by first introducing an important person involving the topic and then the topic will be discussed in more detail. After those three topics are discussed this essay will then compare and contrast the topics involving religion and history. Once the topics are compared and contrasted I willRead MoreWorld History AP8768 Words à |à 36 Pagesin the empires described in this chapter? â⬠¢ All empires controlled large areas and populations. â⬠¢ All empires were brought together by conquest and funded in part by extracting wealth from conquered peoples. â⬠¢ All empires stimulated the exchange of ideas, cultures, and values among the peoples they conquered. â⬠¢ All empires sought to foster an imperial identity that transcended more local identities and loyalties. â⬠¢ All empires ultimately collapsed. 2. In what ways did these empires differ fromRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Telivision Is the Leading Cause of Violence in Todays Society9353 Words à |à 38 Pagesethnic groups in the Ghaggar-Hakra valley on the borders of India and Pakistan.[7] According to some archaeologists, over 500 Harappan sites have been discovered along the dried up river beds of the Ghaggar-Hakra River and its tributaries,[29] in contrast to only about 100 along the Indus and its tributaries;[30] consequently, in their opinion, the appellation Indus Ghaggar-Hakra civilisation or Indus-Saraswati civilisation is justified. However, these politically inspired arguments are disputed by
Thursday, May 7, 2020
The Organizational Context Strategy, Structure, and Culture
INSTRUCTORââ¬â¢S RESOURCE MANUAL CHAPTER TWO The Organizational Context: Strategy, Structure, and Culture To Accompany PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Achieving Competitive Advantage By Jeffrey K. Pinto CHAPTER TWO PROJECT PROFILE: Project Management Improves Lenovoââ¬â¢s Bottom Line INTRODUCTION 2.1 PROJECTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY 2.2 STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT Identifying Project Stakeholders Managing Stakeholders 2.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 2.4 FORMS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Functional Organizations Project Organizations Matrix Organizations Moving to Heavyweight Project Organizations PROJECT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN BRIEF: The Impact of Organization Structure on Project Performance 2.5 PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICES 2.6â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦On the other hand, strategies are more specific ideas that outline how the company plans to realize these objectives. 3. Imagine that your company is planning to construct a nuclear power plant in Oregon. Why is stakeholder analysis important as a precondition of the decision whether or not to follow through with such a plan? Conduct a stakeholder analysis for a planned upgrade to a successful software product. Who are the key stakeholders? In the case of building a nuclear plant, stakeholders may not only cause disruptions in the planning and construction, but may altogether block the project from being completed. Very powerful government, environmental, legal and community stakeholders may intervene in the creation of the plant. Performing a stakeholder analysis could identify potential obstacles and stakeholder objections to building the plant. By identifying these obstacles in advance, it may be possible to prevent them. If prevention is not possible, assessing them beforehand may allow management time to create an alternate plan prior to resources being invested in the current project. Key stakeholders in a software upgrade would include suppliers, competitors, project team members, top and functional management and clients. Suppliers of the software would be influential in success implementation and maintenance of the system. InShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Culture Affect Hr Philosophy, Policies And Programs?109 8 Words à |à 5 Pages1.- Culture gives societies their distinctive flavor and provides a guide as to how people interact and what they expect from one another. How does culture affect HR philosophy, policies and programs? Culture consists of symbolic system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about appropriate behaviors that are shared in our society as a way of life. In other words, culture is a set of meanings (senses) and values that inform a particular way of life. It is lifestyle that shape and formRead MoreHow Organizational Size and Structure Influences Control1375 Words à |à 6 PagesHow Organizational Structure, Size and Control Determine Culture Abstract The agility of any enterprise and its acuity in recognizing new opportunities while averting risks are critical skills that need to be continually improved if any business is going to survive the increasingly turbulent economic conditions of many industries today. Of the many concepts, frameworks and initiatives for making an organizational culture more agile, responsive and capable of dealing with opportunity, uncertaintyRead MoreSa s The Organisation Contexts Of Projects Essay1051 Words à |à 5 PagesSA 2- THE ORGANISATION CONTEXTS OF PROJECTS: INTRODUCTION: The success of any organisation or project depends on proper synchronization of different supportive factors ranging from full understanding and application of general organizational philosophy, proper use of resources, prudent leadership and dependable systems of a particular business set up. Organizational systems or structures are not static as they are directly linked to the strategies in place at a particular time Media: (50 LessonsRead MoreToyota: a Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Leadership, and Organizational Structure836 Words à |à 4 PagesToyota: A Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Behavior, and Organizational Structure Courtney Berry Organizational behavior is the study of application of individualsââ¬â¢ behaviors within structured groups within an organization (Robbins Judge, 2007). The field of study identifies behaviors within specific groups and individuals in organizations and how the structures of organizations play a role in behaviors (Robbins Judge, 2007). In the past several months, the leading company in the carRead MoreCase Analysis1187 Words à |à 5 PagesChris Peterson at DSS Consulting Joletta Martin July 18, 2013 This case discussed the events that occurred during a change in DSS Consultingââ¬â¢s organizational structure. Three retired school district administrators established DSS Consulting during the late 1990ââ¬â¢s. The company offered administrative support to small school districts located within the mid-west and mountain west region. They specialized in handling the negotiating of labor agreements as well as implementation of permanentRead MoreDepartment Of Marketing And Entrepreneurship895 Words à |à 4 PagesOrganization Structure Prepared By Vivek Dandu Content i. Introduction ii. Organization structure iii. Team Management iv. Functional Organization structure v. References Business Research Report I. Introduction: Organization structure is a system of frame work which clearly defines roles and responsibilities of each job for attaining organization goals with smooth workflow. It gives clear guidelines to employees and also binds them together. The organization structure plays anRead MoreHow Can Cnn Implement Their Strategies in a Fast Changing Environment?961 Words à |à 4 PagesProblem statement: How can CNN implement their strategies in a fast changing environment? Learning goals: 1. What are the steps of strategic implementation and what is the importance Implementation isà the process that turns strategies and plans into actions in order to accomplish strategic objectives and goals. Implementing your strategic plan is as important as your strategy itself. * Formulation and effective communication of vision and values * Formulation and effective communicationRead MoreRapid, Volatile, and Discontinuous Change: Impact on Strategic Management and Organizations1482 Words à |à 6 PagesCourse Code Instructors Name Department/Faculty Institution Date Rapid, Volatile, and Discontinuous Change The main challenge to management is the creation and implementation of strategic approaches and tools that measure and build organizational capabilities, which continuously renew themselves and leap competition. Managers face the daunting task of creating novel methods which transcend traditional strategic approaches and tools, in a less stable, certain, and complex environment (VoepelRead MoreNavigating Turbulence : Integrated Hrm And Toyota Motors Corp1490 Words à |à 6 Pagesleaders believed that the key to success was investment in its people (Liker, 2004). The Toyota culture has evolved since the company s founding and is the core competence of the company. It is the reason why operations are lean, cars hit the market on time and on budget, chief engineers developing cars deeply understand the customer, company executives anticipate long-term trends and have clear strategies, and every employee (called a team member) is vigorously working on achieving the annual planRead MoreT he Difference Of Organizational Structure Between Google And Wal Mart951 Words à |à 4 Pages A structure depends on the organization s objectives and strategy. In a very centralized structure, the highest layer of management has most of the choice creating power and has tight management over departments and divisions. In a much suburbanized structure, the choice creating power is distributed and also the departments and divisions could have totally different degrees of independence. Wal-martââ¬â¢s structure is built upon its risk management, safety and claims management process. Google Inc
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Recruitment Process Free Essays
string(24) " from within the ranks\." Assignment On Human Resource Management Topics: Recruiting system of a multinational company (Unilever). Prepared for: Parul Akter Course Teacher Course Code: BBA 322 Prepared by the group: Nusrat Jahan Epsi| ID No. 08. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now 01. 02. 076| Saif Muhammad Sazin| ID No. 08. 01. 02. 053| Farzana Rahman| ID No. 08. 01. 02. 090| Date of Submission: 08-01-11 School of Business Ahsanullah University of Science amp; Technology. Executive Summary Unilever Limited is one of largest multinational business firm in the world.Over the last four decades, Unilever Bangladesh has been constantly bringing new and world-class products for the Bangladeshi people to remove the daily drudgery of life. Over 90% of the countryââ¬â¢s households use one or more of our products. It provides sixteen verities brands and try to mitigate all types of human demand by introducing with new innovative products. Unilever Operations in Bangladesh provide employment to over 10,000 people directly and through its dedicated suppliers, distributors and service providers. 9. 5% of UBL employees are locals and they have equal number of Bangladeshis working abroad in other Unilever companies as expatriates. Unilever wants to attract the best graduates to join in their leadership actions. This report enlightens what type of recruitment opportunities offered by Unilever Bangladesh Limited for university students and how the students can access that opportunity. Unilever accomplish their recruitment and selection process basically into three criteria.One is committed in distribution department where employs is selected on their physical skilled and recruitment and selection process is committed by competency based interview, case study interview, based on case study materials, group discussion, again based on case study materials. It is arranged for entry-level applicants. And in higher level job performer is hired in ââ¬Å"special peopleâ⬠job recruitment process. Special people who are already perform within the organization or other relative organization and promoted as a companyââ¬â¢s core decision maker.Unilever believe the people who work with us are confident of their capabilities, believe in nothing less than star performances and of course are not afraid to work hard at achieving goals. V Table of contents| | | Page| | | | | | | Foreword| II| Preface| III| Executive Summary| VI| 1: Introduction| | 1. 1: Background of the Study| 9| 1. 2: Rational of the Study| 9| 1. 3: Objective of the Study| 9| 1. 4: Scope of the Study| 10| 1. 5: Limitations of the Study| 11| 1. 6: Methods| 11| 1. 7: Report Preview| 12| 2: Organizational Part| | 2. 1: The corporate objectives of Unilever Limited| 14| . 2: Corporate objectives of Unilever Bangladesh Limited| 18| 2. 3: Beliefs and values of Unilever Bangladesh Limited| 18| 2. 4: Major operational Department of Unilever Bangladesh Limited| 20| 2. 5: Unilever Bangladesh Limited at a glance| 27| 3: Literature Review| 31| | | 4: Recruitment in Unilever Bangladesh Limited| | 4. 1: Recruiters qualification| 39| 4. 2: Methods of recruitment| 40| 4. 3: Nature of Application form| 42| 4. 4: Recruitment- Constrains and challenges| 43| 5: Analysis and Findings| | 5. 1: The types of recruitment in Unilever Bangladesh Limited| 48| 5. : The types of selection in Unilever Bangladesh Limited| 48| 5. 3: The frequency of recruitment by Unilever Bangladesh Limited| 48| 5. 4: Responses from the students (Institution) regarding MNC| 48| 6: Recommendation and Conclusion| | 6. 1: Recommendation| 46| 6. 2: Conclusion| 46| BIBLIOGRAPHY| 47| Appendix| 47| Appendix-A: Tables| | Appendix-B: Application Form| | 01# LITERATURE REVIEW 1. 1 Definition of recruitment Recruiting is the process of finding amp; attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins when new recruits are sought amp; ends when their applications are submitted.The result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected. According to Robins, ââ¬Å"The ideal recruitment effort will attract a large no of qualified applicants who will take the job if it is offered. A good recruiting program should attract the qualified amp; not attract the unqualified. This dual objective will minimize the cost of processing unqualified candidatesâ⬠. So recruiting is a process of discovering potential candidates for the actual or anticipated organizational vacancies. Or from another perspective, it is a linking activity-bringing together those with jobs to fill and those seeking jobs. 1. Factors Influencing Recruiting Effort Although every organization engages in recruiting activity some do so to a much larger extent than others. a. Size: Large organization with huge manpower will recruit much more than smaller organization. b. Employment condition: In the community where the organization is located will influence how much recruiting takes place. c. The effectiveness of past recruiting effort: It shows itself in the organizationââ¬â¢s historical ability to locate and keep people who perform well. If it is effective number of recruitment process will be few. d. Working condition, salary amp; benefit package:These influence need for turnover, therefore the future recruiting of the organizations. 31 e. Growth of the organization: Organizations that are not growing, or those that are actually decline, may find little need to recruit. On the other hand, organizations that are growing rapidly will have more need of recruiting. 1. 3 Possible Constraints on Recruiting Process The pool of qualified applicants may not have included the ââ¬Ëbestââ¬â¢ candidate or the ââ¬Ëbestââ¬â¢ candidate may not want to be employed by the organization. There are five possible constraints which limit the managerââ¬â¢s freedom to recruit. a. The image of the organization:If the image perceived to be low, then the likelihood of attracting a large number of applicants is reduced. Then the image of the organization, there for, should be considered a potential constraint. b. Attractiveness of job: If the job is unattractive, recruiting a large amp; qualified pool of applicants will be difficult for e. g. position for p. s. since these jobs traditionally appealed to females amp; woman have a wider selection of job opportunities. It has resulted in a severe shortage of secretarial jobs. c. Internal organizational policies: Internal organizational policies, such as ââ¬Å"Promote from within wherever ossibleâ⬠will give priority to individuals inside the organization. Such a policy will ensure that all positions except entry level positions will be filled from within the ranks. You read "Recruitment Process" in category "Papers" Although this is promising once one is hired, it may reduce the number of applicants. d. Union requirements: Union requirements also restrict recruiting sources. Union determines who can apply amp; who has the priority in selection. It restricts managementââ¬â¢s freedom to select the best employees. e. Governmentââ¬â¢s Influence: The Governments influence in the recruiting process should not be overlooked. An employer can no longer seek out preferred individuals based on non-job-related factors 32 such as physical appearance, sex or religion background. Government may impose restrictions on these matters. f. Recruiting Cost: Recruiting by an organization is expensive sometimes containing a search for long period of time is not possible because of budget restrictions. So recruiting cost can be one of the important constrain of recruiting efforts. 1. 4 Recruiting Sources Recruiting is more likely to achieve its objectives if recruiting sources reflect the type of the position to be filled. Certain recruiting sources are more effective than others for filling certain types of jobs. Mainly the sources can be divided into two ways. They are discussed below: 1. 4. 1 Internal sources Many large organizations will attempt to develop their own employees for positions beyond the lowest level. Now some internal sources are discussed below: a. Job posting: Posting notice of job openings on company bulletins boards is an effective internal recruiting method. It informs employees about openings amp; required qualifications amp; invites qualified employees to apply.The notices usually posted on company bulletin boards or electronic bulletin boards or are placed in the company newspaper. Qualifications amp; other facts are drawn from the job analysis information. The types of candidates may apply here in either of two ways-through (I) Self nomination and (II) Recommendation of a supervisor, employees who are interested in the posted opening report to the HR Department amp; apply. b. Departing employees: Departing employees are those who leave the organization because they can no longer work the traditional forty-hour workweek, child care needs, education or others are the common reasons.If this situation is occur then the employer use Buyback. Buyback 33 means when an employee resigns to take another jobs amp; the original employer outbids the new job offer. 1. 4. 2 External sources In addition to looking internally for candidates, it is customary for organizations to open up recruiting efforts to the external community. These efforts are discussed below: a. Advertisement: When an organization wishes to communicate to the public that it has a vacancy advertisement in one of the popular method used. Want ad describes the job, the benefits and tells those who are interested how to apply. It is the most popular method.It can be placed in the factory gate or widely dispersed. Normally blue color jobs are ad. outside the plant gate. The higher the position, the more specified the skills, or the shorter supply of resources in the labor force, the more widely dispersed the advertisement is likely to be. The job analysis information is a major source of information to place in the advertisement. b. Employee referrals/recommendations: Recommendation from a current employee. An employee will recommended if he believe the individual can perform adequately. Employee referrals also may have acquired more accurate information about their potential jobs.The recommender often gives the applicant more realistic information about the job than could be conveyed through employment agencies or newspaper advertisement. c. Employment agencies: We will describe three forms of employment agencies: Public or state agencies, Private employment agencies, amp; managements consulting firm. The major difference between these sources is the type of clientele served. (i) Public agencies: It is designed both to help job seekers to find suitable employment and to help employers to find suitable worker without any fee.The individuals who are registered with the public agencies will get the unemployment benefits. So it tends to attract amp; list individuals who are unskilled or have had minimum training. 34 (ii) Private agencies: Private agencies are believed to offer position amp; applications of a higher caliber. The major difference between these two is there image. Private agencies may also provide a more complete line of services. They may advertise the position, initial screening, provide a guarantee. The private employment agencyââ¬â¢s fee can be totally absorbed by either the employer or the employee, or it can be split.It depends on the demand-supply situation in the community involved. (iii) Head hunters/Management consultant: It is special types of private employment agencies. They specialize in mid-level, rare amp; important top level executive placement of the reputed organizations. Fees are paid by the employer. It is considered as unethical because they engage ââ¬Ëstealingââ¬â¢. So it is called head hunters. d. Temporary helps Service: These types of different organization can be a source of employees when individuals are needed on a temporary basis.Temporary employees are particularly valuable in meeting short-term fluctuations in HRM needs. It does not provide recruits. They are a source of supplemental workers. The temporary workers actually work for the agency. During vacation and peak season-these agencies can be a better alternative. e. Schools colleges amp; universities: Whatever the educational level required for the job involves a high-school diploma, specific vocational training, or a collage background with a bachelorââ¬â¢s, masterââ¬â¢s, or doctoral degree, educational institutions are an excellent source of potential employees. . Professional organizations: It includes labor unions; operate placement services for the benefit of their members. The Professional organizations include such varied occupations as industrial engineering, psychology, accounting, legal, amp; academics. These organizations publish rosters of job vacancies amp; distribute these lists to members. 35 g. Employee leasing: Whereas temporary come into an organization for a short-term project, leased employees typically remain with an organization for long periods of time. Under a leasing agreement, individuals work for the leasing firm.When an organization has a need for specific employee skills, it contracts with the leasing firm to provide a certain number of trained employees. 1. 5 Selection Selection is the process of select the best candidates for the job by using various tools and techniques. According to R. M. Hodgetts, ââ¬Å"Selection is the process in which an enterprise chooses the applicants who best meet the criteria for the available position. â⬠So we can conclude that, it is the process in which candidates for employment are divided into two classes; those who are to be offered employment and those who are not. 1. 6 Testing guidelineSome basic testing guidelines are followed in selection process which are: a) Use tests as supplements b) Validate the tests for appropriate jobs c) Analyze all current hiring and promotion standards d) Beware of certain tests e) Use a certified psychologist f) Maintain good test conditions 1. 7 Definition of interview Interviewing candidate is a potential screening tool that gives an opportunity to make judgment on the candidatesââ¬â¢ enthusiasm amp; intelligence amp; to access subjective aspects of the candidatesââ¬â¢ facial expression, appearance, nervousness amp; so forth amp; to predict future job 36 erformance on the basis of the obta ined information. Interview gives you a chance to size up the candidate personally and to pursue questioning in a way that test cannot. 1. 8 Types of Interview Interviews can be classified as:- a) Structured interview b) Unstructured interview. c) Semi structured interview a) Structured interview: It is known as directive interview. It is an interview following a set of question amp; response are specified in advance. b) Unstructured interview: It is known as non-directive interview. It is an unstructured conversational- style interview.Question is asked as they come to mind. It allows the interviewer to ask follow-up questions, based on the candidateââ¬â¢s last statement. c) Semi structured interview: Semi structured interview involves some planning on the part of the interviewer but also allows flexibility in precisely what the interviewer asks candidates. 02# RECRUITMENT IN UNILEVER BANGLADESH LIMITED 2. 1: Recruiters qualification Recruiting is the process of finding amp; attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins when new recruits are required amp; ends when their applications are submitted.The result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected. Manager becomes involves in this process. However in large organization, like the Unilevers Bangladesh specialists are often used to find amp; attract capable analyst they are called recruiters. First, Unilever is such a big organization that requires huge man power every year for its always boosting operations in various level and arena. However for common business operations they need Three type of manpower 1. Fresh graduates as knowledge worker, 2. Specialist experienced people for special purpose 3. People for Skilled and labor based eventsSo in our discussion we will focus on all the three types. Fresh graduates as knowledge worker Commonly we discuss and learn major about this level recruitment and selection. The fresh graduatesââ¬â¢ recruitment is in fact the main and major recruitment event for Unilever. From across the country they get people for their recruitment. The universities in the country provide the people to be knowledge worker in big organizations like unilever and such. For this they highly suit the business graduates Passed from reputed business school or institutes both from country and from abroad.The discussion is now designed as to the following four terms: 1. Personnel planning and vacancy announcement 2. Nature of Application form 3. Recruiters qualification 4. channels of recruitment 5. Recruitment- Constraints and challenges 2. 1. 1Personnel planning and vacancy announcement Human Resource department headed by The HRM, receives data about need of personnel, the vacancy information is then analyzed by HRM in collaboration with the finance department with financial feasibility of the recruitment. After judging the feasibility the approved number of vacancies is informed to the job market through strong mass media.As means of media they use 39 * The internet, * Online based job portals * English and bangla news paper * On campus recruitment * From Intern inventory. 2. 1. 2 Recruitersââ¬â¢ qualification Recruitment qualification for entry-level employees: * You must be graduated within less than three years, or will graduate within the next 12 months form a reputable university. * You must be within 28 years of age. Recruitment qualification for labor based task: * You must physically fit and skilled in the particular task. 2. 2: Methods of recruitment 2. 2. 1 Recruitment channelNormally we know about two types of recruitment channel those are 1. External recruitment channel 2. Internal recruitment channel 1. External recruitment channel When job openings cannot be filled internally, the HR department must look outside the organization and basically for UBL, recruitment of fresh graduates is done through this means. There are 8 ways for external recruitment in the UBL, which occurs in direct or indirectly for various level of recruitment. Those are- 1. Walks- ins and write- ins 2. Employee referrals 3. Advertising 4. Private placement agencies amp; Professional search firms 5.Educational institutions amp; Professional associates 6. International recruitment 40 1. Walks- ins and write- ins Walks in are job seekers who arrive at the HR department in search of a job; write ins are those who send a written inquiry. Both groups normally are asked to complete an application blank to determine their interests and abilities. Usable applications arte kept in an active file until a suitable opening occurs at the UBL. These occurs mainly for skill based labor worker and for part time project jobs or contract basis program implementing or running job 2. Employee referralsFor lower level workers, Unilever follow the employee referrals procedures. This is the procedures when existing employees refer one new and the new is considered to be further judgment. For various daily operations like travelling the product carry and collecting small market revenue. UBL needs trustworthy root level worker. They, so follow here the reference of other employee in the organization so that guaranteeââ¬â¢ performs securely. 3. Advertising UBL next to employee referrals in fact for fresh graduates majorly follow the advertisement procedure for recruiting purposes.They advertise in the reputed English and Bengali National papers. They also use the internet for online application. For the online recruitment the applicants get Tracking Number that is a unique number automatically generated by the Online System at the time of CV submission. The applicant provides the password at the time of filling the CV Form. Both the Tracking Number and Password will be needed if one wants to edit/update ones CV Online. To updating the CV is enough, entering the tracking number and password after clicking at the ââ¬Å"Update CVâ⬠link at the Unilever Bangladesh Career Page. Online down loadable form address is added at the end of the report the] 4. Private placement agencies amp; Professional search firms: Unilever use several privet placement and human resource management assisting firm for their recruitment those are 1. | The Consumer that works in the Dhaka| [www. consumerk. com]| 2. | The intellectual property right organization Bangladesh [www. iprob. org]| 3. | Jobscncl. com Dhaka| [www. jobs. com]| 41 5. Educational institutions amp; Professional associates More over the organization takes its manpower from the universities and educational institutions across the country. The nationwide universities and its important institutes provide the potential graduates as the employee of the organization. Unilever does the same job with the business schools of the country, other discipline fresh graduates and especial IT and engineering graduates passed from reputed engineering universities of the country. From discussion with HRM it was known that their preferred institutions range from IBA, BUET, DU, KU, BRAC U, NSU, AIUB, JU, to Chittagong University and such. Again this university campus is often headed by often a panel of associates.The Professor of these institutes who work for ULB refers or primarily places the recruitee to central HRM. 6. International recruitment Sometimes, especially in importance of cases international recruitment occurs in ULB. However such rare events happen if the candidate stays in abroad or are working in international company on foreign land. Another within the organization recruitment in most senior post occurs with international recruitment process. The process is done through E-recruitment. Such case occurs in inter sub continental recruitment of UNILEVER World. 2. 2. 2 Internal recruitment channelCurrent employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry ââ¬â level positions of unilever Bangladesh ltd. Whether for promotions or for lateral job transfers, internal candidates already ââ¬â know the already informal organization and have detail information about its formal policies. In fact for unilever this short of recruitment is occurred only with especial purpose experienced employee recruitment. It is frequently occurred in the Brand Management department. For senior posts in Brand Management, employeesââ¬â¢ recruitment takes channel through the internal human resource inventoryJob posting programs happens in the way that the Regional Sales Manager RSM in Khulna is newly appointed on Dhaka as the sales chief. 2. 3: Nature of Application form After getting information, huge applicants apply for Unileverââ¬â¢s entry level posts. The posts are designed with different title for different branch of operation like earlier stated 6 departments for operation ââ¬â Brands amp; Development, Supply Chain management, Human Resources, Finance, Information Technology, Customer Man agement. 42 The application forms are produced over internet on online as well printed copies to campus of different institute.For all the levels the form are alike. Interested candidate for different branch will mention the interested field In the online there are 2 different forms one for entry levels another for experienced people. A dummy of application form collected from the internet will be produced at the end of the report. They take some help from consumer mark ltd. A human resource management and marketing assisting organization of Bangladesh for their customized needs of recruitment and selection. 2. 4 Recruitment : constraints and challenges Recruiters face such common constraints which are: a. Biasness:Most of the time, the organizationââ¬â¢s employers try to appointment their relatives, familiar person. b. Recruiter habit A recruiterââ¬â¢s past success can lead to certain habits. Admittedly habits can eliminate time-consuming decisions that yield the same answers, but habit may also continue past mistakes or avoid more effective alternatives. c. Competition of talent There is a lack of vast talent people in Bangladesh for the special task. The potential job applicants most of the time canââ¬â¢t meet up Unilever requirement. Few talent guys who has already appointed with other multinational company.And unilever need to compete with other multinational organization to hire skilled manpower. d. Job requirement People with greater experience usually require a higher level of job. In our country, there are vast population but they are not so skilled in working with hard labor. They feel comfort flexible job like government job. So Unilever Bangladesh canââ¬â¢t fulfill their requirement in all time. 03# ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 3. 1: The types of recruitment in Unilever Bangladesh Limited Unilever follow three type of recruitment process, which are: Fresh graduates as knowledge worker, * Specialist experienced people for special purpose * People for Skilled and labor based events 3. 2: The types of selection in Unilever Bangladesh Limited Unilever follow some selection evaluation test to select the best candidate, which are: * Employment test * Assessing candidate through interview * Cognitive ability test * Physical ability test 3. 3: The frequency of recruitment by Unilever Bangladesh Limited Unilever Bangladesh Limited accomplish their recruitment process depends on created vacancy.However, we see a common phenomena that Unilever Bangladesh arranges recruitment activities twice a year when students passes from various institutes based on their completion of 6 moth semesters. 3. 4: Responses from the students (Institution) regarding MNC In our survey, we point out that most of the business graduate students have a dream to join a prominent multinational company. It is mean from the selection ratio or applicant ratioââ¬â¢s fresh graduates hold the mentality to join prominent multinationals and Unilever is one of the best choices. 04# How to cite Recruitment Process, Essays
Monday, April 27, 2020
The American Strategic Culture
Introduction Wide as the American culture may be deemed to be and the depth to which its norms and virtues root, it is still open to changes that come across from time to time which in the long-run affect the overall perceptions of things and their outlook of various issues and the circumstances they undergo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Strategic Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The stages of growth which the American culture has undergone over time cannot be summarized in only one piece of work due to the many factors in it that is worth noting, as such there is a tendency by authors and researchers alike to focus on one aspect of this concept in order that they maximally exploit their discoveries. In his Book ââ¬ËTo the hills of the montezumas; the Mexican war in the American imaginationâ⬠, author Robert W. Johanssen exploits the perceptions of the general American to the Mexica n- American conflict. It digs into the pre and the post war eraââ¬â¢s, exposing the deep sited feelings among the Americans and the effects of the war towards both their social, cultural and economic structures. Through the book, he re-activates peopleââ¬â¢s notions, moods, their feelings about that given period in time and history. He also makes a rejoinder of the generations that came long after the war to it, giving credence to the fact that to many Americans it gave them a sense of pride in nationhood, defined their strategic size and power and the fact that itââ¬â¢s from the war that Americaââ¬â¢s star started shining brightly among other nations. It became recognized as a world power to reckon with, as one that could sacrifice anything for the sake of its boundaries. The American strategic culture Strategic culture, much as it may have different definitions and peopleââ¬â¢s understanding of the term may differ, we shall mainly adopt its meaning from the context that this paper tries to explore; a history of conflict and war their effects to the local culture and the long- term repercussions. As such, strategic culture can be defined as ââ¬Å"a set of shared beliefs, assumptions, and modes of behavior, derived from common experiences and accepted narratives (both oral and written), that shape collective identity and relationships to other groups, and which determine appropriate ends and means for achieving security objectivesâ⬠(Streeby, 2002). From the days of yore, war in all its forms, be it cold or confrontational has made tremendous changes in the evolution of culture. He urges the folk to come to terms with the spirit with which their belief systems and their foundations and borders lie, calling it ââ¬Ëthe spirit of ageââ¬â¢ (Johannsen, 1985).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He further continues in his rhetoric that ââ¬Å"it is deceptively simple to project our own standards of behavior, our own hierarchy of values to a by- gone era, but it does not in the long run, aide us greatly in understanding the pastâ⬠. He further alludes that ââ¬Å"What is needed is further understanding of the past on its own terms, not on oursâ⬠(Johannsen, 1985). This was in respect to the changing circumstances that nations or societies find themselves entangled in, it defeats sense to judge these issues from our present mindsets and views of things, rather he articulates that we delve deeper into history and place ourselves in the shoes of these people at the time, understand their norms and taboos before picking a standpoint. This he explains to be the best way to take a stance on the myriad issues that define our history, as they in big way afftected societal characters over time. In this context, he was implying that it was an embarrassment for a country of the United States statureââ¬â¢ to attack a small n ation, further more a third world country. Background of the war The war broke out in 1846 and went through to 1848; it involved armed warfare between the two nations of the United States and Mexico. This feud arose from Mexicoââ¬â¢s opposition to the occupation of Texas by the United States, Mexico still considered Texas to be its territory despite Texasââ¬â¢ earlier protest in 1836 which was renamed the Texas revolution. In spite of the protest by Mexico, the United States went ahead with its intentions to annex the territory. Their army entered by force into Texas, conquering vast regions of Mexico inclusive of which is the New Mexico, California and a few patches of the Northern side of Mexico. They not only occupied these regions, they went deeper to the south, where another group of the American army took over the control of Mexico. This, they used as a bait to coerce Mexico to sale of its Northern region to the United States. The expansion programme was an idea of the t hen president, Mr. James K. Polk who was the leader of the Democratic Party. He initiated this move despite there being massive resistance to the takeover by a huge chunk of his population and a threat of war by Mexico.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Strategic Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the United States particularly, controversy was rife with big names that were opposed to slavery and the Whig party totally standing up against this move. The aftermath was highlighted by many casualties on the American side of the war; the cost of the war was also too big for an economy that was still growing then.à Due to its financial strength and military might, the United States won the war, forcing Mexico to give up its areas including Alta California and New Mexico. To this, the United States compensated Mexico with eighteen million dollars as the price for these states, also gave up its de bts owed by Mexico.à Mexico gave up Texas, marking Rio Grande as its national boundary with the United States. Shortly after, the American government discovered gold in Texas, which immediately attracted investment towards the state. Politically, the aftermath of the war witnessed the questioning of the government in relation to its stand on slavery which fired up debates regarding the civil war. A compromise was reached at in 1850, which served to briefly quell the tension that was slowly building up once more, both within the United States and among the Mexicans. Insights into the American culture This war had myriad effects to the people that witnessed the takeover. The most popular was the change in attitude by the people of the two countries towards each other. He Mexicans of that generation and generations that came later grew up with negative attitudes towards the United States; they usually see it as an enemy and treat the American people rather coldly. They associate thei r relationship to one of war, hate and envy. On its part, the United States being the superior power and one far much greater has other responsibilities to boot. Rather than fuel the hate or focus on the country that is Mexico from a negated perception, it has embraced the much greater role that is being the super power. As such its responsibilities span worldwide, and such its attitudes and perceptions towards Mexicans arenââ¬â¢t as bold as the Mexican hatred towards it.à Altogether, the war was about race, the equality and the degree to which each of the parties could stretch to prove their points. The American folk believes he is superior, both technically and intelligence wise. In retaliation, the general Mexican doesnââ¬â¢t believe this, resulting to the cold war and confrontation that always arises when the parties come to contact.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The Mexican war, as is popularly referred resulted to a period in history that defines the culture of the two states. One action by the Americans caused ripples in their relationship with each other, and generations Mexicans have never healed from the scars. This defines their cultures in that their attitude towards Americans is rather negative and one where emotions usually spill over whenever they disagree. The full society among the Mexicans have embraced this notion and exude similar attitude towards the Americans, this defines their culture on this aspect. Americans on the other hand have a passive attitude; they do not usually react when they are provoked as relates to their race or culture unless they are extremely pushed to the wall. They are preserved and maintain a cool demeanor. This is however being watered down with time given the fact they interact with each other at different levels, for example the Mexicans are employed in American firms, they get to inter act more lessening the degree to which the animosity spreads. References Johannsen R. (1985). To the halls ofmontezumas: Themexican war in theà American imagination. New York: Oxford university press.Print Streeby, S. (2002). American sensations: Class, empire and the production ofà popular culture. Berkely: University of California press. Print This essay on The American Strategic Culture was written and submitted by user Sidney Frederick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Portrayal of Grecian Women essays
Portrayal of Grecian Women essays The Portrayal of Grecian Women in Ancient Art The Greeks were one of the most advanced cultures of ancient times and this was reflected in their art work. They had a preoccupation with the human figure that resulted in beautifully and geometrically perfect pieces. Since the Greeks were such an advanced culture one would assume the equality standards between sexes were also more advanced then other ancient cultures who were less civilized at the time. This was not the case. Women of Greece unfortunately were not equal to men of the time. But even though Greek women did not have much independence or importance they still made a lasting impression on art that stood the test of time. Ancient Greek women lived under some pretty sever rules especially, when it came to their home life. They only left the home for religious purposes or festivals for women. Women could not take part in voting, hold public office, or take any "important" position in society. (Adams 1) Aristotle was quoted saying , "The deliberative is not present at all in the slave, in the female it is inoperative, in the child undeveloped." (Adams 1) Women were segregated to different quarters of the house and had no free choice of marriage partners. Marriage was an "economic transaction" by the parents of the couple. (Adams 1) the women was usually much younger then the man and had never met him before. And once married a women became her husbands responsibility. She had no independent status, her life was devoted to child bearing and looking after the family and house hold. (Adams 1) Perikles a famous philosopher quoted "women should be spoken of as little as possible among men, whether for good or ill." (Adams 1) Women could own nothing except personal possessions. They also were not aloud to be involved in any purchase or transaction worth a large sum of money. Women also had no freedom to divorce unless taking their husband to court and...
Monday, March 2, 2020
NYU, New York University and Early Decision
NYU, New York University and Early Decision If you know that NYU is the school that you most want to attend, applying through tone of the universitys early decision options might be a wise choice. Key Takeaways: NYU and Early Decision NYU has two early decision options: Early Decision I has a November 1st deadline, and Early Decision II has a January 1st deadline.Applying early decision is one of the best ways to demonstrate your sincere interest in NYU, and it can improve your chances of getting in.Early decision is binding. If admitted, you are required to attend. The Advantages of Early Decision If you have a clear first-choice college that is highly selective, you should certainly consider applying early decision or early action if these options are available. At the great majority of colleges, the acceptance rate is higher for students who apply early; this point is remarkably clear in this early application information for the Ivy League. NYUs admissions website notes that for the class of 2021, the overall admit rate was 28 percent, while the admit rate for early decision was 38 percent. Note that this means that applying early increases your chances of admission by more than 10 percent, for the overall admit rate includes the early decision student pool. There are several reasons why you have a better chance of admission when applying early. For one, students who are able to get their applications together in October are clearly ambitious, organized, and good time managers. These are all traits possessed by successful college students. Also, colleges frequently use demonstrated interest as a factor when evaluating applications. A student who applies early is clearly interested. This is particularly true for early decision since applicants can apply to only one school through an early decision option. Finally, early decision applicants have the advantage of learning the decision of the admissions office early. Students who apply through NYUs Early Decision I will receive their decision by December 15th, and those who apply through Early Decision II get a decision by February 15th. Regular decision applicants dont receive a decision until April 1st. The Drawbacks of Early Decision If you know that New York University is your top choice school and you are able to complete a strong application by the deadline, early decision is definitely the way to go. The option, however, is not for everyone, and it does have a few drawbacks: Early decision is binding. If you are admitted, you are required to attend, and you must withdraw all of your other college applications.Because early decision is binding, you wont be able to compare different financial aid offers from multiple schools.If you are applying Early Decision I, you need to request letters of recommendation as soon as the school year starts, and youll want to take the SAT or ACT early.If youre doing well academically in your senior year, the admissions staff at NYU will likely be making a decision before they see any of your senior year grades. However, early decision does have its drawbacks. The most obvious of these is that the deadline is, well, early. Its often difficult to have SAT or ACT scores in hand by the end of October or early November, and you may want to have some of your senior grades and extracurricular accomplishments as part of your application. NYU's Early Decision Policies NYU changed its application options in 2010 to expand the early decision applicant pool. The prestigious Manhattan university now has two early decision deadlines NYU Application Options Option Application Deadline Decision Early Decision I November 1 December 15 Early Decision II January 1 February 15 Regular Decision January 1 April 1 If youre familiar with NYU, you may be wondering how January 1st is considered early. After all, the regular admission deadline is also January 1st. The answer has to do with the nature of early decision. If you are accepted under early decision, NYUs policy states that you must withdraw all applications you may have submitted to other colleges, and ... pay a tuition deposit within three weeks of notification. For regular admissions, nothing is binding and you have until May 1st to make a decision about which college to attend. In short, NYUs Early Decision II option is a way for students to tell the university that NYU is their first choice and they will definitely attend NYU if accepted. While the deadline is the same as regular admission, students who apply under Early Decision II can clearly demonstrate their interest in NYU. Early Decision II applicants have the added perk that they will receive a decision from NYU by mid-February, over a month early than applicants in the regular decision pool. NYU does not indicate if Early Decision I has any advantage over Early Decision II. However, Early Decision I applicants are clearly telling NYU that the university is their first choice. The timing of Early Decision II is such that an applicant can be rejected through Early Decision at another university, and still apply in time for Early Decision II at NYU. So for Early Decision II applicants, NYU might be their second choice school. If NYU is definitely your first choice school, it may be to your advantage to apply Early Decision I. A Final Word About NYU and Early Decision Do not apply early decision to NYU or any college unless you are absolutely sure that the school is your first choice. Early decision (unlike early action) is binding, and if you change your mind you will lose a deposit, violate your contract with the early decision school, and even run the risk of having applications at other schools voided. You should also avoid early decision if you are concerned about financial aid and what the option of shopping around for the best offer.
Saturday, February 15, 2020
LL Bean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
LL Bean - Case Study Example Also, future research can focus on specific target values based on greater information regarding the actual values prevalent in the measurement procedures of L.L. Bean. Keywords: L.L. Bean; customer requirements; target values; measurement L.L Bean demonstrates a case of a highly customer-centric organization that promises to deliver superior customer service by offering constant customer support and specialty shoes for activities such as hunting. At the crux of L.L Beanââ¬â¢s customer service is its 100% money back guarantee since the company believes in ââ¬Å"treating its customers like human beingsâ⬠. Given the high level of customer service, it is important to analyze the salient customer requirements along with measurement techniques for the same. Finally, target values are being assessed to ensure that the requirements are fulfilled. L. L. Beanââ¬â¢s dedication to superior customer service is reflected in its promise of 100% money back guarantee on all its products at any time. This is combined with the excellent after sales service provided for product returns. Therefore, one of the major customer requirements that L.L Bean is catering to is high quality of the product including the durability and reliability of the product. Furthermore, the company caters to the need of wearing shoes particular for certain situations which has been satisfied by the provision of ââ¬Ëspecialty shoesââ¬â¢, particularly, the Maine hunting shoe that is lightweight and remains dry. Most importantly, however, L.L Bean caters to the customerââ¬â¢s need for ordering without having to visit the store. This is particularly true for customers who may be pressed for time and find it convenient to order via mail through the mail order catalogue. L.L Bean, therefore, offers full catalogues as well as seasonal catalogues for customers interested in knowing the specifications, looks and prices of specialty products as well as their regular line. This is supplemented by the companyââ¬â¢s website which offers customers the facility of shopping online without having to visit the retail outlet. The added convenience of having multiple modes of payment further encourages customers to shop online easily. The company also caters to customersââ¬â¢ need to obtain prompt response by providing customer service throughout the year and throughout the day. This also serves the purpose of assisting those customers who may have further queries or desire additional information after reading the mail catalogue. Therefore, assurance is provided to customers. Finally, L.L Bean caters to customersââ¬â¢ requirements of fast delivery and efficient logistics by partnering with third-party logistics which is Federal Express. This is because the company keeps speed as an important order winner as part of its operations management strategy as it knows that slow delivery can lead to customer dissatisfaction. In order to ensure that the final product reaches cust omers on time, the companyââ¬â¢s suppliers must also make timely shipments to the company. Therefore, speed is a crucial customer requirement that the company must cater to. The customer requirement for high quality and durable products can be measured using total quality management and six sigma philosophy. At the simplest level, product quality would be measured using the number of ââ¬Ëqualityââ¬â¢ complaints by customers. As a general rule, the target value must not exceed 3 complaints per month. It must be
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Does art appreciation ultimately exist because of reproductions Essay
Does art appreciation ultimately exist because of reproductions - Essay Example Commerce and commercial art are around us all the time. They change how we perceive the world. Art and the quantity of images we see influence what we accept as ââ¬Ëtrendyââ¬â¢. The more we see it, the more we want it. Berger writes that ââ¬Å"It is true that in publicity one brand of manufacture, one firm competes with another; but it is also true that every publicity image confirms and enhances every other.â⬠The importance of this on the individualââ¬â¢s psyche is exactly what is discussed in debates about the mediaââ¬â¢s impact on society, for example, that violent videogames turn schoolchildren into school-shooters, or that teenagers in pop videos will cause an influx of thirteen year olds to try to head out the front door and onto the school bus wearing tube tops. Images change behavior. We do and act like the things weââ¬â¢ve seen, we do what we hope to become and to look like. To break down the analogy, let me explain Bergerââ¬â¢s phrase Every public image confirms every other. Every violent image or screen on a video game not only competes with the shock-value of other violent video games. But more significantly, it confirms the idea that these images are acceptable stimuli and that they belong in our daily environment. The child who plays violent videogames becomes anesthetized to seeing violence, becoming enraptured in violent events, body-dropping the store owner, shooting down everyone in their way to a goal, etc. Parents of young children live in the same world of public images. They pass by stands these videogames of at Radio Shack and Best Buy. The continuation of these games on the shelves of warehouse stores confirms their integrity as entertainment, whether or not violent video games merit that integrity. Even before parents have children to raise and protect from hostile influences, the parents accept the presence of violent images in society as something unavoidable. They have been equally unable to avoid those images.
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Civil War and The Souths Loss Essay -- American History, Historical C
Civil War and The South's Loss ââ¬Å"In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanicsâ⬠¦You are bound to fail.â⬠Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend. ââ¬Å"Why did the North win the Civil War?â⬠is only half of a question by itself, for the other half is ââ¬Å"Why did the South lose the Civil War?â⬠To this day historians have tried to put their finger on the exact reason for the South losing the war. Some historians blame the head of the confederacy Jefferson Davis; however others believe that it was the shear numbers of the Union (North). The advantages and disadvantages are abundant on either sides of the argument, but the most dominate arguments on why the South lost the war would be the fact that stateââ¬â¢s rights prevented unification of the South, Jefferson Davis' poor leadership and his failure to work together with his generals, the South failed to gain the recognition of the European nations, North's superior resources made the outcome inevitable, and moral of the South towards the end of the war. First, the South couldnââ¬â¢t have won the civil war because stateââ¬â¢s rights prevented unification of the South. The very issue that created the Confederacy helped to destroy it. In waging war, the South faced problems of politics and government that greatly complicated its problem of economic mobilization. No one would deny the troublesome effect of the conflict generated by differing ideas of how best to protect liberty and to organize southern society for the war effort. Southern people insisted upon retaining their democratic liberties in wartime, which proved fatal for the South. They had to struggle with a ââ¬Å"confederacy formed by particularistic politicians [that] could hardly be expected to adopt promptly those centralists polices which victory demandedâ⬠(Donald, p. 26). Individual state governors fought bitterly with Jefferson Davis to prevent him from consolidating power to fight the war. They withheld troops and supplies while the Confederate Congress sp ent its time arguing over the rights of the states instead of prosecuting a war of national survival. Many internal conflicts within the South were acquiring and weakening the Southââ¬â¢s unity. Internal conflicts caused confederate officials to choose between moving troops from the coasts and strengthening their armies, or leaving the... ...iled to gain the recognition of the European nations, North's superior resources made the outcome inevitable, and moral of the South towards the end of the war. The Civil War was a trying time for both the North and the South alike, but the question of its outcome was obvious from the start. The North was guaranteed a decisive victory over the ill-equipped South. Northerners, prepared to endure the deficit of war, were startled to find that they were experiencing an enormous industrial boom even after the first year of war. To the South, however, the war was a draining and debilitating leech, sucking the land dry of any appearance of economical formidability. The debate continues whether or not the South could have won the Civil war. Itââ¬â¢s always going to be a bunch of ââ¬Å"what ifs?â⬠Works Cited Beringer, Richard. et al. Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens: University of à à à à à Georgia Press, 1986. Boritt, Gabor S. Why the Confederacy Lost. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992 Donald, David. et al. Why the North Won the Civil War. London: Collier Macmillan à à à à à Publishers, 1960. Gallagher, Gary. The Confederate War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Friday, January 17, 2020
Mentoring Student Nurses in Theatre Essay
The Operating theatre is an alien environment for students and may be deemed hostile and uninviting. The role of mentors in such a specialised environment is to encourage interaction rather than passivity and utilise every learning opportunity that exists. Students should be encouraged to reflect on those experiences in a structured manner, to assist in their development of meaningful reflection, which is a valuable tool for throughout their career (Quinn 2000). The aim of this assignment is to critically analyse and reflect upon an innovation, that relates to learning and assessing in the practice environment of theatres. The learning outcomes 1, 2 and 4 will be the focus for this assignment because I feel they are the most relevant for reflecting on my innovation as they cover the Importance of the student and mentor relationship in relation to their learning experience, the opportunities and limitations to learning in practice and the evaluation of learning theories and teaching strategies to facilitate the integration of theory and practice. The innovation was a learning package titled ââ¬ËAirway equipment & techniques in the theatre settingâ⬠. The pack was designed to be a basic insite into the different pieces of equipment and the techniques used and was presented to a second year student nurse, as part of a teaching session. Bruner (1961) explains that when presenting new information to students, the way the material is structured is important to overall learning. He believed that if students understand the basic structure of a subject they will find out much of the finer detail themselves. Spouse(2001) recognised that observation can aid in increased understanding, whilst practice can increase competence, provided the necessary knowledge is in place, in order to facilitate comprehension. I believe that understanding the basics of airway management is a valuable and transferable skill that the student can utilise in any clinical setting. Quinn (2000) who formulated a student-centrered approach to learning, visualising the mentor as a helper and facilitator for and providing of, resources for learning, being someone who shares feelings as well as knowledge with their students. Before introducing some of the techniques and equipment used in airway management, i knew it was important to discuss with the student their level of knowledge and experience. Airway management may be an area that they believe is unique to the theatre environment. In discussion with the student prior to the teaching session, i explained that in every clinical area there is an emergency resusitation trolley, consisting of a defibrillator, emergency drugs and one of the essential components on each one is an airway tray, each containing the equipment that is described in my innovation. During our conversation it was established that during their previous placements, no aspects of airway management had been covered. On previous placements they had been shown where the emergency trolley was kept, but there had not been any formal teaching to familiarise them with the components. Airway management and equipment was therefore not something they felt they understood very well, despite this they showed a keen interest in learning more about the them, acknowledging that although specialised, airway management skills are highly transferable to any setting. Welsh and Swann (2002) believe it is essential to assess a students prior knowledge as this establishes a baseline for development and is a prerequisite for planning future learning. By making the time to discuss the students previous learning experiences at the beginning of their placement, it gives an opportunity for the mentor and student to develop the learning outcomes that need to be achieved and discuss how they wish to achieve them. Learning, according to Rogers (1983) is based on three key factors that exist in the relationship between mentors and students. The first factor being genuineness, were the mentor should come across as a ââ¬Ëreal personââ¬â¢, therefore able to develop a normal relationship with their student. I feel that by welcoming my student to theatres I achieved this. Trust and acceptance, being that the mentor should see and accept their student as an individual, that is worthy of their care and respect. Finally, the empathatic understanding by the mentor, by being able to see things from the students perspective and act appropriately in response to this. Smith (1992) supports that student nurses feel better able to care for patients when they feel cared for by their mentor and clinical staff. After the teaching session the student kept the learning pack to use as a source of reference, for throughout their placement, when observing the equipment being used in everyday practice. To assess the effectiveness of the innovation the student was asked to complete a questionnaire, to evaluate what they had learned from being provided with the pack, as well as an evaluation form to help me understand how the student felt about the teaching session. I felt comfortable throughout the teaching session and the student asked questions openly, which I encouraged them to do. Allen (2005) stated that a good mentor should be open and honest as well as be able to take advice and criticism. According to Neary (1997) and Gray and Smith (2000), most students believe that a successful assessment outcome depends on having a good working relationship with the mentor. A mentor should support the current version of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) standards (2008b) and note that there are several reasons for supporting learning in practice: ââ¬Ëto provide support and guidance to the student when learning new skills, applying new knowledge and transferring existing knowledge and competence to a new context of practiceââ¬â¢ (pg 36); to act as a resource; to manage the learning; and to observe the practice to ensure outcomes and competencies are met (as defined by the NMC). Whilst these standards are mainly aimed at student nurses the term ââ¬Ëstudentââ¬â¢ could be applied to those learning, even when they are registered nurses as they are participating in lifelong learning. Students feeling welcome and valued when they arrive will assist with their learning throughout the placement. According to Quinn (2000) identifying the learning needs of the student is best approached at the beginning of the placement. How students interact with the learning environment is important, particularly in the context of life long learning and continuing professional development. As in all specialised areas there are procedures that need to be understood and learned as the student progresses along the professional curve. ( Radford and Hunt 1999). As a mentor in the theatre setting, I have learned to identify areas that could be improved for student learning, such as Techniques that are ââ¬Ëevery dayââ¬â¢ to the staff as professionals and the jargon that they use, can be seen as bizarre and seemingly difficult to learn for the student. The idea was to produce an eye catching innovation . A visually attractive and an uncomplicated style of teaching was applied, using indicators for further study for future, current or past theatre placement students. This was to encourage self-directed learning (Ghazi & Henshaw 1998) and avoid over-whelming the student with too much information which may create anxiety and fear. An important aspect of reducing anxiety for students is their introduction to the placement area. This is something that every registered nurse can relate to because we can all remember being student nurses ourselves and can all recall our ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëbadââ¬â¢ placements easily, the ââ¬Ëbadââ¬â¢ often being when everything still felt unfamiliar sometimes weeks into a placement area. Swann (2005) identified that an essential component of the mentor/mentored relationship is communication. Hutchinson (2003) supports this by stating that an environment is not just the physical area but also the attitudes of staff. The student nurse on placement in theatres was introduced to firstly their mentor, who after a friendly introduction took the student to the locker room to show them where they could leave their belongings and get changed. Once changed into theatre scrubs they were taken through the department and in each area they were introduced to the staff and the allocated mentors for that area. The health and safety aspects of the department and the fire procedure was also explained. In theatres students have frequently commented on their initial anxieties when coming for a placement. Sampson (2006) carried out a study to identify why there was a shortage of studentââ¬â¢s choosing theatres for a clinical placement. Findings suggest that there has been a dramatic fall in the number of students coming to work in theatres and students are not choosing this area due to fear and anxiety about this specialised, unknown environment. When anxiety is high, an individual is immobilised, perceptions are narrowed and learning is impeded (Meisenhelder, 1987) Positive ways to motivate and encourage learning is described by Sampson (2006) as making learning interesting, ensuring relevance to learnersââ¬â¢ needs, reinforcing positive not negative aspects and giving students responsibility for learning. By providing the student with the learning pack, it allowed them to take some responsibility for their learning. Silen-Lipponen et al (2004) identified that students have difficulties combining theoretical and clinical knowledge in the learning process, but the perioperative environment can enhance student education by integrating theory, and practice and developing skills in reflection. These knowledge and skills are required by the NMC (2008) standards of proficiency for pre-registration nurses which state that; safe and effective practice requires a sound underpinning of the theoretical knowledge, which informs practice, and must therefore reflect breadth of practice and learning. Much evidence exists which suggests that the perioperative clinical area is an invaluable learning environment and it is essential that student nurses are aware of the learning opportunities available within this diverse clinical area (. Silen-Lipponen et al 2004) Factors that may inhibit learning for students can be described as internal or external in nature. The most common barriers have been identified by many authors (AshCroft, Foreman-peck 1994, Reece and Walker(2000) and Quinn(2000), they include pressure of time and workload, lack of support from the organisation and family. The learning pack was innovated and planned to assist myself in teaching and to provide the student with the most appropriate teaching for their level of learning. Before beginning the teaching session, i encouraged the student to openly ask questions, as the teaching session was based on explaining the contents of the teaching pack, which they would be using throughout their allocation. Scouse (2001) recognised that observation can aid increased understanding, whilst practice can increase competence, provided the necessary knowledge is in place to facilitate comprehension. Reece and Walker (2002) identified that our perception of learning will affect how we teach. Therefore before we explore how to teach, we must understand how people learn. Learning is a relatively permanent change, usually brought about intentionally. Jarvis (1983) highlighted three domains of learning that are important for any healthcare professional. Cognitive, affective and psychomotor show that learning can occur from teaching, study or the assimilation of information and skills as a result of experience. The clinical environment offers a challenge in relation to the choices of strategy available to facilitate learning. Oliver and Endersby (1994) suggest that most teaching in practice areas deal with skills, including interpersonal and management skills. The elements of the educational taxonomy considers that any learning topic has robe considered from three perspectives in relation to what a student has to learn. To apply these using a component of the innovation and given to a student nurse, with something such as teaching a student how to apply an oxygen mask to a patient, the psychomotor skill would be for the student to be able to select and open the face mask, correctly assemble and then connect it to the oxygen source, then document appropriately. It is not enough just to be able to assemble the mask and administer oxygen, for cognitive skills, the student should should also be able to understand why they are giving the patient oxygen, itââ¬â¢s effects and the correct observations. It should not be forgotten that receiving the oxygen is a patient. To be competent with affective skills the student must display the appropriate communication and interpersonal skills. Quinn (2000) stated that mentors can often tend to use strategies they find useful but must be conscious of the preferred learning style of the student. There are three main theories of learning, behaviourism, cognitivism and humanism. Each looks at learning from a different perspective. Along with learning theories it is vital to consider the mentor/student relationship and the learning environment, as these can help or hinder learning (Gray and Smith 2000). Behaviourism is the response gained from behaviour. Cognitive theory focuses on psychological processes that are involved in the acquisition, organisation and use of knowledge (knowles 1990). Austell (1987) advocated the concept of an ââ¬Ëadvanced organiserââ¬â¢. This is a strategy introduced in advance of new material for example, teaching theory before practising a skill. The student was taught the importance of knowing the correct airway management of the unconscious patient in the recovery room, this aided their understanding of which airway equipment or technique was used and why. The learning package and teaching session combined with a perfect learning environment within the theatre and recovery settings, allowed the student the opportunity to apply theory to practice. Fretwell (1985) stated that an ideal learning environment is seen as one in which the educational needs of the student are met. Along with knowledge of the learning domains, it also useful to consider the learning styles of the students. One of the most often cited model is that of Honey and Mumford cited in Howard, 1999, p 110) of the activist, pragmatist, theorist and reflector. Acknowledging these aspects, along with the use of different teaching strategies, Howard (1999) suggested enabling the learning to be adult-centred rather than following a teacher driven agenda. Noone (2009), on discussing a nursing curriculum, suggests that it should integrate three aspects: the cognitive/intellectual; the skills-base; and the ethical comportment/behavioural one. Whilst the one-off session about airway management canââ¬â¢t be compared to a full programme of education, it does, never-the-less, incorporate each of these aspects. There is knowledge of the anatomy and physiology, the use of airway adjuncts and the respect for dignity, by utilising good communication skills are all apparent. By accounting for learning theories, the learning environment, strategies for teaching and learning styles, I have been able to reflect on this experience and discovered areas I can make improvements or change. Theories of learning helped me to acknowledge the relevance of behaviours, knowledge, comprehension and feelings while teaching students, I will use this knowledge to further develop my skills in teaching. The fact that reflection takes place is important as it contributes to the continuing development of a practitioner and facilitates the development of effective practice (johns 2000). To reflect on my innovation i will follow the framework of Gibbsââ¬â¢ (1998) reflective cycle, which I believe is thorough and logical. I developed a learning package for student nurses to learn, understand and develop knowledge in the skills required for the different ways to manage a patients airway, within the theatre setting. The pack consisted of airway management equipment and techniques ranging from the most basic to advanced. I presented it to a second year student that was on placement in theatres. My aim was that the student would learn the basics of airway management, some of which they would be able to put into practice in the recovery room under supervision, such as removal of a patients laryngeal mask. Whilst i was developing the teaching plan and the innovation, I refreshed my own knowledge, making me feel more confident to present the session. The evaluation form that was completed by the student was very positive, I will therefore feel less apprehensive the next time I do a teaching session. The learning pack helped the student to become familiar with the airway equipment and techniques easily. Feedback from the student showed that the pictures and brief descriptions, provided enough information to enable them to recall that information, whilst observing the equipment and techniques being used in practice. This type of learning style could be associated with Dunn (1984) who describes the Visual, auditory, kinaesthetic (VAK) model. When a student nurse has a placement in theatre, the unfamiliar environment and uniforms can be quite daunting. Many things can can be done to promote a good learning environment that meets the needs of the learners. There is a need to help the students understand the learning opportunities available to them and give them support. The student was introduced to the theatre team, on the first day of their placement and I explained about the different routines compare with their knowledge of the ward placements they had been to. The student was initially very nervous, but by providing reassurances and familiarising them with the layout and routine for theatre, they soon settled into their placement and became part of our team. I asked the student following the teaching session to complete an evaluation form. I believe my teaching approach worked well and the student achieved all of their learning objectives. I am certain that during the students placement I maintained a professional but approachable attitude and encouraged them to ask questions when they felt they needed to. Overall I feel that I have learned that the foundation for being a good mentor is in building a good working relationship with the student. Achieving this will underpin every other aspect of being their mentor. Time spent working with the student should be utilised well with plenty of opportunity for discussions. Once a rapport has developed, as a mentor I should display insight into the students needs which will show a degree of empathatic understanding, which will make them more at ease. I now understand the significance of a conducive learning environment so that the student Feels comfortable in the unfamiliar setting and feels supported. The theoretical knowledge of learning theories and teaching strategies that I have gained will enable me to meet the requirements of each individual student needs.
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